• Echometer Model D

ECHOMETER MODEL D Fluid level device and Gun. Comes with 5 boxes of 10 guage shells, and 5 boxes of 45 cal shells. $3500 Call Steve at 325. And Work Aids C-1 Appendix D: Bibliography D-1 Appendix E: Agency Identification Numbers For Occupational Analysis E-1 IV. (3) graphic instructions. And yet are necessary for carrying out the work.hathitrust. Radio transmitters. Plus those manipulated by the worker and activated by outside power. This operating manual contains information about the Echometer Model H Fluid Level Instrument including installation instructions, operating procedures, requirements for intrinsically safe application, maintenance, shooting problem wells, record interpretation and technical references relating to the.

These bespoke nets, made by NHBS, are being used by ZSL in an ongoing project to monitor juvenile and larval fish populations in the Thames. The Ichthyoplankton Net Earlier this year we were contacted by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) who were interested in working with us to make a bespoke aquatic survey net. Their specifications required the net to have a square frame with a four point bridle and connections for a flow meter. It also needed to have a diving vane which would ensure that it could be towed stably at a set depth, and a screw on cod end with a bag made from 53µm and 250µm mesh. Following these guidelines, our engineer and seamstress got to work and within a couple of weeks a detailed specification was agreed. The nets were then manufactured and two were sent to ZSL in February.

First draft of the net design Several months later we were delighted to receive some photos from Anna Cucknell, who manages ZSL’s work on fish conservation in the Thames, showing the nets in use. “It was great to work with NHBS, who listened to our specific needs to design bespoke sampling nets for juvenile fish, and used their experience to adapt our designs to fit our needs. Our juvenile fish surveys on the Thames are the first of their kind, in scale and resolution and we hope the results from which will be applicable in the Thames and further afield to help drive conservation and better management of our estuaries for all fish species”.

Anna Cucknell, Thames Project Manager, Zoological Society of London Nets are towed both at the surface and at a depth of two metres. Combined with data from seine and intertidal nets, these surveys provide a comprehensive picture of larval and juvenile fish populations. Fish Conservation in the Thames The nets we made for ZSL are being used for an ongoing project to monitor the use of the Thames by juvenile fish. The Tidal Thames is home to more than 100 fish species including many that are commercially important such as Dover sole and European seabass.

It also provides critically important habitat for rarer species, including European smelt and European eel. Like most estuaries, the Thames provides invaluable spawning, migratory and nursery grounds but, despite this, the region is poorly studied. The ZSL project hopes to remedy this by providing essential information about the health of fish populations in the estuary, and to assess how these are affected by water quality and local developments. Boat-based sampling for juvenile fish The project, funded by, involves both boat-based and foreshore sampling and, excitingly, also provides an opportunity for volunteers to get involved via its citizen science scheme.

Volunteers can help with a variety of tasks including measuring, identifying and counting the fish. For more information about the Tidal Thames fish conservation project, head over to the. Interested in getting involved?

To volunteer. Have a bespoke project in mind? Contact our engineer, Thomas to discuss your requirements (email thomashk@nhbs.com or phone 13). Author Posted on Categories, Tags. Blackberries by Jared Smith (CC BY-SA 2.0) Foraging was my first introduction to the natural world.

While sounding slightly trite, this statement is non-the-less true. I grew up in a town, like most of us do, and before I started foraging for nothing more exciting than blackberries I didn’t pay much attention to ‘nature.’ So, what did foraging teach me about the natural world that climbing trees and making dens couldn’t? Simply the realisation that blossoms provide pollen to pollinators such as bees, enabling the trees and shrubs to produce fruit. So, that’s what bees are for! Then there are the seasons: not just for influencing the contents of the wardrobe, seasons were the on/off or pause for everything. I began to get excited, I discovered wild mushrooms, I was twelve and I’ve been foraging ever since.

Are we foraging too much? Foraging is quite a controversial issue. There are lots of passionate arguments for and against it and a quick browse of the subject on the internet will tell you more. Like many, I am concerned that professional foragers can damage the natural environment. It seems logical that stripping out all the mushrooms or sea kale from a small area will damage that environment in some way.

Surely foragers just need to abide by good practice, it’s the practitioner’s actions not the practice itself that can cause problems. Then there is the notion of sustaining oneself with ‘wild food.’ At best this notion is romantic, more likely delusional.

My love of foraging is wholly based on getting outdoors and learning about nature – foraging is not an alternative to going to the shops. Is it dangerous? Firstly, you do need a book, especially if you are foraging for mushrooms; mis-identification can and does have dire consequences. You need to be careful and acquire knowledge with experience. You discover a sought-after Boletus edulis, considered the king of all mushrooms and totally delicious (I can vouch that they are). However, before you enjoy your gourmet mushroom, make sure the stem doesn’t turn blue when cut, otherwise you’re eating Boletus erythropus and are in for an unpleasant stomach ache.

More serious consequences can occur from eating the morbidly named destroying angel, Amanita bisporigera, or the death cap, Amanita phalloides. Please be very familiar with both before you eat wild mushrooms.

A book will suffice as a identification checklist, but the best way is to find a specimen and take note of all its pertinent features, cross-referencing with more than one book if possible. Once you can confidently identify a destroying angel or a death cap, you can be confident the mushroom you are planning to eat isn’t one of them. Away from the more well documented mushroom poisoning, you might find yourself spending your evening taking the tiny stalks out of every single elderberry in the clusters you’ve picked – the leaves, twigs, branches, stalks, seeds, and roots of Sambucus plants can contain a cyanidin glycoside, so it’s best to be safe. Oh, and you need to cook the berries too.

You don’t have to take risks though, as the Woodland Trust has planted many community orchards in towns, resulting in enough blackberry and apple jam to last you a whole year. Which books should I use? There are lots of books available and we have compiled a short list here for you to browse. In no particular order, the following contain interesting and practical information on foraging: Richard Mabey Paperback 2007 John Lewis-Stempel Paperback 2012 Stefan Buczack Paperback 2013 John Wright Hardback 2009 John Wright Hardback 2010 Roger Phillips Hardback 2014 Being outside in all weathers, learning about nature, connecting with the natural world, acquiring more and more knowledge and experience: whether you are in town, country or even the city there will be plants growing everywhere that you can eat. It’s fun, slightly dangerous and can give children their first and lasting experience of connecting with nature.

It did that for me and has stayed, and will stay with me all my life. Author Posted on Categories. Preparing pallets for the walkway. Photo by David Price.

The accumulation of stacks of pallets is an unavoidable part of working in a fast paced and varied retail environment. So when we were contacted by Keith Grant from the Slapton Ringing Group to ask if they could take some off our hands, we were both delighted to agree and eager to learn about the site where they would be put to use. The Slapton Ringing Group is based at the. This beautiful site is located on the south coast of Devon and contains the largest lake in the south west, separated from the sea by just a narrow shingle bar. Its location, together with the unique habitat conditions, makes it an extremely important place for local and migrating bird populations.

A job well done. The completed walkway leading to the ride. Photo by David Price.

The Slapton Ringing Group have been surveying birds at Slapton Ley since the 1960s, and for the last six years the site has been designated as a BTO. A regular rotation of willow cutting is undertaken at the site, which maintains the vegetation and helps to avoid major changes in species composition. A carefully constructed pallet walkway allows access to the ringing rides for the volunteers that meet here regularly throughout the ringing season. The pallets salvaged from NHBS were used to replace old ones which have an obviously limited lifespan due to the constantly wet conditions. It is a pleasure to know that some of our “waste” is being used to support such a fantastic and long-running project.

For more information about bird ringing in Devon, take a look at the. Author Posted on Categories, Tags. Simon Poulton struggling to enter data in the field The is a new product for ecologists and researchers conducting mammal surveys. The innovative design is the work of data consultant Simon Poulton, who told us more about his company and his revolutionary new small mammal trap.

Tell us a little about your organisation and how you got started. Is a consultancy specialising in all aspects of ecological data handling and analysis. I became a consultant after taking voluntary severance from ADAS, which was the scientific and advisory arm of the old MAFF – precursor to DEFRA, for the youngsters among you.

I had worked for them for 14 years, developing from basic wildlife advice through to coordinating the national monitoring of Environmentally Sensitive Areas and other agri-environment schemes. Change was in the air, with ADAS becoming a “Next-Steps Agency”. So, I decided to go it alone, allowing me to concentrate more on the practical side of database design and statistical analysis – rather than managing teams and editing their reports. It also allowed me to select my clients to focus more on the taxa that I was interested in – primarily mammals and birds. Why the name?

Well, when I set up as a consultant I had a very loyal spaniel call Bess. Struggling to come up with a descriptive name that had “ecology” and “statistics” in it, a mischievous friend took one look at the adoring dog at my feet, and suggested BESS.

So, I became Biological & Ecological Statistical Services! Bit of a stretch – but it caught on. Then when I converted to a limited company five years later, I thought I’d better have something a bit more respectable – so BioEcoSS Ltd was born. Over the last 18 years, I’ve had a good number of clients, including universities, NGOs such as the Mammal Society, Vincent Wildlife Trust & BTO and government departments such as Natural England, CCW and JNCC.

My work has generally fallen into two types: a) ecological database design, and b) statistical analysis of existing datasets. However, in all my projects, I’ve tried to emphasise the importance of incorporating these aspects at the project planning stage – very often they’re not!

So, it’s not unusual for clients to turn up with a dataset that’s been stored in a spreadsheet, riven with errors, and with a survey design that just doesn’t give them the power they need to detect change or spatial variation. I do what I can, but it would be so much better if these aspects were considered more carefully at the outset as part of an integrated design – sorry, that’s a bit of a lecture! What was the original inspiration behind the TubeTrap? BioEcoSS TubeTrap About six or seven years ago, when I was on the council of the Mammal Society, we were discussing the setting up of a national small mammal monitoring scheme.

The then chair, Dr Johnny Birks (very well-known to all mammalogists), lent back in his chair and sighed “It’s such a shame we don’t have a good trap at a reasonable price!”. We all agreed that we would have to focus on non-invasive methods for a large-scale, mass-participation survey – which is not a bad thing anyway – but there was still a need for trapping to provide high quality data. On the train home I started thinking about this idea. Database design is a very creative and practical process –understanding the requirements of the user and combining these with practical and intuitive solutions.

And I felt I was fairly practical – good with wood and I seem to be forever re-plumbing my house! As the son of an engineer, I thought I might be able to come up with a good design for a mouse trap. After all, I had been using the trusty Longworth and even some old Shermans for over 25 years, so I knew their faults and limitations. So over the next 18 months I set out to build a prototype.

I was certain that injection moulding was the answer to producing large numbers of cheap traps and I was very lucky to get some financial help from the, now sadly defunct, Manufacturing Advisory Service. I also fell on my feet by finding two incredibly helpful and innovative small companies in the West Midlands; an injection tool-making company (BFT Engineering) and an injection moulding company (BTF Polymers). (The names are purely coincidental – they’re not related in any way – but they continue to cause me total confusion!) These guys were enormously helpful in designing the tools and producing prototypes for testing.

So – are entirely British made! How does the TubeTrap compare to other small mammal traps on the market? What do you expect me to say – pretty good I reckon! Seriously –I think there are three primary aspects to the efficacy of a small mammal trap: 1) How well do they catch?

2) How humane are they? 3) How practical are they to use? In the UK the main competitor is, obviously, the.

This has remained virtually unchanged over the last 50 years so, in an evolutionary sense, it must be pretty well adapted to what it does. I’ve carried out some comparative trials (as have six or seven users) which shows that catch just as well as Longworths. As the number of trials increases, there’s even some evidence that they are better at catching very small animals such as pygmy shrews and harvest mice. I’m hoping that two students from UEA will be trialling the traps this autumn to provide enough data to show this is statistically significant. I’ve not compared them directly with or Trip Traps, but people have told me, anecdotally, that TubeTraps have a higher capture-rate. Episoriculus leucops Part of the design was to make a trap that was as humane as possible. Obviously, the correct setting and use of traps goes a long way to ensure the survival of captured animals – in particular, live invertebrate food for shrews is essential, as is regular checking.

But I wanted the to help prevent exposure of animals, so the use of plastic and the double-walled nest-box provide much better insulation. I’ve also had a bit of a theory about shrew deaths. A very light animal (say a pygmy or juvenile common shrew) enters a trap without tripping it, scoffs all the food and then leaves. Along comes an adult shrew, trips the door and finds a trap with no food. Result – starvation.

So I think the very sensitive and stable mechanism of TubeTraps will help prevent this situation. The practicality aspects of the design were very important, especially setting the trap and cleaning.

The nestbox and tunnel parts of the trap snap together very intuitively and are virtually impossible to pop open accidentally – unlike a poorly set Longworth. The smooth, cylindrical profile of the trap makes it very easy to push into dense vegetation and remove for emptying. Again – in the past, I’ve popped open Longworths when pulling them out of hedgerows as the corners of the nest box or the hook of the pin hinge catches on a bramble. The TubeTrap’s white doors are very easy to see, even in poor light, so it’s much easier to check when they are closed.

So too with the pre-bait lock – it has a very visual appearance, so it’s much more difficult to leave a trap locked open by mistake. The round profile of the nestbox and the flat base of the tunnel with no side-walls make them very easy to clean. Finally – and possibly most importantly, all parts of the trap snap together, so it’s very easy to replace any damaged parts. I always carry a few spare triggers (which can get chewed) and the elastic springs for replacement in the field. Development of the TubeTrap is continuous and I’m pleased to say that NHBS is stocking the new Mark II version. This has a more stable trip mechanism, which is counter-balanced, making it much more difficult to accidentally trip when knocked or jolted. This also makes it easier to set TubeTraps in awkward places or above-ground attached to branches or poles.

There was an issue in the original design with surface-tension from rainwater holding the doors open, but a number of modifications in the new Mark II trap have addressed this. How and where have TubeTraps been used and what is the most interesting species you have caught? Have been used by a number of universities, county mammal groups and wildlife trusts.

As far as I know, they are being used for mammal research, survey and monitoring. Also, I know that the trusts have used them for training and open-days, so they’re proving versatile.

As you may have gathered from some of the time periods I mentioned earlier, I’m getting a bit long-in-the-tooth! But, a few years ago I finally started the PhD (at UEA) that I’d never got around to doing. I’m looking at altitudinal variation in small mammal communities in the central Himalayas of Nepal – using 120 of my traps of course!

I’ve done three seasons’ fieldwork and caught 795 animals at altitudes from 1300m to 4200m. The traps have performed very well and have been catching hundreds of tiny shrews, as well as some pretty hefty rats weighing over 100g.

The have also been fantastic, not just for carrying the traps, but as dissection and dinner tables! There’s no doubt in my mind that the best animal I have caught is a tiny shrew called Episoriculus leucops – only 5g in weight, but with the longest tail you’ve ever seen (pic above). BioEcoSS TubeTrap Carry Case What do you consider the most important achievement of your organisation in recent years? That’s a tricky question!

I think just because of the size of the project and its subject – the Environmental Monitoring Database for Natural England. I’ve worked on this for over ten years, bringing together into a single database all the agri-environment monitoring data carried out since 1987. There are over 4.25 million data items in this database, which makes it a unique resource. But how can I not mention the work I’ve done with excellent conservation organisations such as the Mammal Society (scoping and setting up the national small mammal monitoring scheme with Phoebe Carter and Johnny Birks) or the Vincent Wildlife Trust (analysing their fantastic dataset on batbox usage collected by the tireless Colin Morris and his colleagues). But, I also hope I’ve made a real contribution in Nepal, mostly by giving young ecologists hands-on experience of fieldwork, statistical advice and training that they wouldn’t otherwise have access to. I should say that this has been a two-way process and I’ve had fantastic support from them (Hari Basnet, Sagar Dahal, Hem Kathuwal and others). I would also like to mention my friends and colleagues, Laxman Poudyal, Sujan Maharjan, Hem Sagar Baral, Sharad Singh and Dibesh Karmacharya – who have all helped in this reciprocal process.

And – most importantly – the porters, whose superhuman efforts at carrying traps, collecting water and wood, cooking amazing food and generally remaining completely cheerful made this work possible. Simon, Suman, Padam, Hari and Sujan with Machhupuchhare behind What is your most memorable wildlife encounter? Another tricky one! I’ve had a long-lasting love affair with India and Nepal, so I should say the tigers I saw in Kanha and Ranthambore National Parks, or Indian one-horned rhinos in Kazirangha or the fantastic nilgai in Sariska.

But, actually, the most thrilling was probably five years ago at 3500m in Nepal when my colleagues and I came across a very (I mean VERY) fresh set of prints of himalayan black bear only a few meters from our camp-site. That certainly caused a stir amongst the porters! Then again – the most sublime moment was probably during that expedition, being out just before dawn, when the koklass pheasants started calling. Their harsh cries carry for hundreds of metres through the gloom – the Nepalis’ literal interpretation is “How are you, Uncle?”. It’s a spine-tingling memory just thinking about it. Any new inventions in the pipeline?

I might have! Actually, a client from Ireland recently asked if I could produce traps with shrew holes. It had been on my mind for a while, so I made 30 doors with shrew holes for her. She’s trialling them now and if they work well, I’ll make them generally available. The benefit of putting the holes in the doors is that you can easily snap these out and replace them with standard doors if you don’t want the shrew holes.

I do have another idea, but I’m keeping my cards close to my chest at the moment. Suffice it to say – if it works it could revolutionise small mammal trapping – I’m saying no more! Author Posted on Categories, Tags,. As part of their Heritage Ability project, recently hosted the UK’s first ever Deaf-led bat walk at the Love Parks event, in Cockington Park, Devon. NHBS are delighted to have been able to loan them an bat detector from Wildlife Acoustics, which allowed the attendants to view live sonograms on an iPad – whilst receiving further information in British Sign Language from the guide, Alasdair Grant.

This fantastic event was part of a whole day of activities helping to make heritage sites more accessible for disabled and Deaf people. Alasdair, Deaf Alumni Programme Manager for, who is working towards his bat license, led an inspiring bat walk which one participant said was “a memorable and unique experience”. The walk included watching soprano pipistrelles and lesser horseshoe bats exiting their roosts in outbuildings in Cockington Court, and common pipstrelles, serotine and noctule bats feeding in the park and lakes area.

The walk provided a unique opportunity for Deaf people to see and learn more about the lifestyle of our British bats and how to identify different species using bat detectors with visual sonograms rather than by sound. The connects to an iPad to provide an excellent and very accessible visual display of bat calls in real time. Living Options and Deaf Unity very much hope to run further bat walks in the future and would be delighted to advise other organisations and bat groups on how to lead bat walks for Deaf people. The Heritage Ability Project supports heritage sites in South West England to improve accessibility for disabled people.

Funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, the project is currently piloting different approaches with partner sites including museums, country parks, nature reserves and historic houses. Best bat detectors for bat walks Echo Meter Touch This tiny ultrasound module connects directly to your Apple device and lets you listen to bat calls in real time as well as viewing a live sonogram on your screen. Ideal for bat walk leaders, the provides you with plenty of real time information to share with your group, as well as letting you record and classify calls so you can provide a later update of all species heard during the walk. Elekon Batscanner The is one of the simplest bat detectors on the market – simply turn it on and listen.

The device will automatically tune to the frequency of the bat call nearby and will display this frequency on the LCD screen whilst playing the sound back at an audible level. SSF Bat2 The cleverly scans all frequencies simultaneously and will jump to the peak (loudest) frequency at the touch of a button. Pre-programme up to four fixed frequencies and view a small spectrogram of the received call. Ideal for beginner or seasoned bat walkers.

Magenta Bat 4 and 5 The and are our most popular detectors for beginners. Affordable to buy and simple to use, they convert the call produced by the bat into a sound which is easily heard through the speaker.

Simply tune to the required frequency using the large dial on the front of the unit. The Bat 5 also has a digital display which makes tuning the detector even easier.

Author Posted on Categories, Tags. Elekon Batlogger C The bat survey season is just beginning and since our last update in November 2015 many of the new bat detectors have arrived in stock and we have received some customer feedback and updates on specifications from manufacturers.

The total count of new bat detectors now stands at six – three passive full spectrum recorders from, two passive recorders in the Song Meter family from, and the handheld from. Song Meter SM4BAT We have had the Wildlife Acoustics in stock on and off now for the last few weeks (supplies have been limited) but we now have plenty on the shelves.

We are really impressed with these units – they are smaller, lighter and easier to programme than the old Song Meters and have massively improved battery life (up to 45 nights for the and 70 nights for the ). They come in a strong lockable enclosure that can easily be chained to a tree and include a 3m microphone cable when purchased with the. The units have not arrived yet but are expected in early April. The SM4BAT detectors also include an incredible three year warranty (excluding the microphones). Wildlife Acoustics have also announced that they are phasing out the EM3+, the SMZC and the SM2BAT+, which are being replaced by the, and / respectively. Elekon Batlogger C Elekon have now released three new passive bat detectors within the last few months which are based around the very highly regarded handheld bat detector.

The is probably the highest specification bat detector on the market today – it has everything you would expect from a high end passive detector including programmable recording schedules, fully weatherproof enclosure, and high quality full spectrum recordings as well as many extras. These include optional sms and/or email messages reporting the status of the unit and the number of recordings made as well as the amount of power remaining. Furthermore, because the also has in-built GPS it can send you an alert if the unit is moved. A wide range of power options are available: a is included and there is space for a second.

Mains power is also an option as is solar power which requires the addition of the. When used with two 50 hour batteries, just half a day of sun in every 10 days should be enough to keep the Batlogger C powered indefinitely. Elekon Batlogger A+ Also from Elekon, the Batlogger A family – the and the are new miniaturised passive bat detectors. Both are programmable, are housed within a small weatherproof enclosure and include a Knowles FG microphone on a 2m extension cable. The will record for up to 30 hours on eight AA batteries (e.g. Three 10 hour nights).

The was created after a customer contacted Elekon to say that the looked perfect for installing up trees and in other inaccessible location but that ideally, the battery life should be longer. In response the team at Elekon quickly created the new which is slightly larger than the but includes the same rechargeable lithium ion battery used in the Batlogger C. This will power the A+ for up to 70 hours.

Stock of both models are fairly limited so please contact us soon if you would like to place an order. Anabat Walkabout A few software glitches delayed the release of the in 2015 but this incredible new bat detector has now been in stock for several months.

The touch screen Android tablet based bat detector not only records any passing bats but also lets you view the sonogram in real time in both full spectrum and zero crossing formats. A GPS, lux-meter, thermometer and humidity sensor are all in-built so not only will each call be geo-tagged but you will also be able to collect the full range of environmental data for each transect without needing any additional tools.

A fully charged unit will last for around eight hours. The Walkabout bundle will soon also include a copy of Analook Insight analysis software to allow you to view and analyse full spectrum and zero crossing recordings.

If you would like any help, advice, or a short loan of one of our demo bat detectors please get in touch with our Wildlife Equipment Specialists on 13 or customer.services@nhbs.com. Author Posted on Categories, Tags,. Newt survey – image attribution below The newt survey season is almost upon us and NHBS has been working hard through the winter to increase the range and quality of newt survey products we sell. Read on for a selection of our most exciting new products and news of some old favourites. Newt survey nets and bags Newt Net We now sell a specially designed with a 300mm wide head, 300mm deep bag of soft 2mm mesh fabric, and 1.2 metre wooden handle. The net is attached over the frame unlike our standard professional pond nets to ensure that newts cannot get caught between the frame and bag.

Dewsbury Newt Trap Dewsbury Newt Trap NHBS is the exclusive distributor of the. The Dewsbury trap is safer for both newts and surveyors. Fewer traps are required per pond and the clever design allows the newt to either seek shelter at the bottom of the water column or rise to the surface to breathe even if the water level within the pond changes during the trapping period.

Newt Bottle Trap Bottle Traps We also manufacture the traditional. This is not a fun job so allow us to save you a lot of time and effort with our standard 2l bottles sold with the head cut off and inverted. We also sell for securing the traps at the edge of the pond and for sterilising the bottles between ponds.

Torches We now sell an even wider range of torches suitable for newt survey. Cluson CB2 Clubman Deluxe Li-Ion 9.2Ah High-Power Lamp/Torch Traditionalists can buy the classic high powered Cluson CB2 lamps with either a or a lighter longer lasting. We also sell the new allowing you to increase the light output and battery life of your old CB2, and a new range of powerful hand torches from that are more than adequate for newt surveys and considerably less bulky than the Cluson lamps.

Waders and Gloves Snowbee Lightweight Neoprene Gloves Generally the aim is to stay out of the water but occasionally it may be necessary to enter a pond to retrieve lost traps or to access difficult sites. NHBS sells a wide range of waders including both and. We also sell some excellent new with a nylon jersey knit palm material allowing the gloves to be worn without compromising dexterity and a thick neoprene back to provide extra warmth.

Walkie Talkies and Whistles Mitex General UHF Two-Way Radio Newt surveys are not without risk and the best way to mitigate these risks is to have appropriate safety equipment. NHBS sells so that you can keep in contact with colleagues, and to attract their attention if you do slip into the water.

We also have that will stay dry no matter how wet you get. Main image: by via under license Author Posted on Categories, Tags. Image credit: see below Winter woodland has a bare, skeletal charm all of its own, and a walk in the woods is a good time to try to put names to those familiar trees. Suddenly leafless but not as anonymous as we sometimes think, with a little practice it is surprisingly easy to begin to place those barren winter twigs. Here is a quick, and by no means definitive, guide to identifying six of the UK’s more common deciduous trees in winter, chosen at random on a midwinter ramble in my local woods. Oak (below): A rugged twig with fat, oval orange-brown alternate buds, and a characteristic cluster of buds at the tip. The twig of the sessile oak is less rugged than pedunculate oak, but be careful the two species often hybridise and it can be tricky to tell the difference.

Ash: A twig that looks as if it means business, with black buds in opposite pairs and an unmistakable, fat terminal bud covered in black scales. Beech: A slender, rather delicate twig with long, alternate and markedly pointed brown buds. Hornbeam is very similar but the buds hug the twig rather than point outwards, and the twig is noticeably more zigzagged. Hazel: The twig is downy all over – although you may need a to see this clearly – with alternate, pale green to reddish-brown, smallish buds. Catkins are not at the end of the twig, unlike in birch species. Field maple: Hairy twig and buds – again a is useful – with tiny reddish-brown buds, always in opposite pairs. The terminal bud often has smaller buds on either side, sometimes appearing to be a triple end bud.

Sycamore: Another sturdy twig, with plump pale green buds in opposite pairs. The large green bud scales on the terminal bud are easy to see. I use an elderly copy of the Forestry Commission’s Know Your Broadleaves for Christine Darter’s fabulous drawings of winter twigs; David Streeter and Rosamond Richardson’s similarly dated Discovering Hedgerows has a useful key. The stand out recent work is Dominic Price and Leif Bersweden’s one of the Field Studies Council’s AIDGAP Guides, which covers 36 of the common broadleaved tree and shrub species likely to be found in the UK, as well as a few rarer ones. With pictures of bark as well as twigs, and notes on habitat, winter tree-ID suddenly seems much easier. Author royalties from the book go to the.

Main image: (Image by, via Creative Commons license ) Author Posted on Categories, Tags,. The possession of a hand lens is one of the defining characteristics of a naturalist.

We use them for everything from peering at beetle genitalia and examining floral characters, to examining the arrangement of teeth in small mammal jaw bones. There are a wide variety of hand lenses on the market so how do you decide which lens is best for you? This article contains all the information you need to make an informed choice about which hand lens is most appropriate. Glass versus plastic lens? The optical lens in a hand lens can be made from glass or plastic – the plastic lenses are generally more affordable and lighter but are of lower optical quality and more difficult to clean. Good plastic hand lenses, such as the, are perfect for youth groups and schools.

How many optical elements? An element is an individual piece of glass within a lens.

When you look through a high quality camera lens you will typically be viewing what’s in front of the lens through four to six lens elements, as well as other elements used for focusing and zooming (see image below right). Hand lenses are constructed with one (singlet), two (doublet) or three (triplet) lens elements. Each element is specially shaped to correct for a particular type of optical distortion so the more elements, the higher quality the image. Magnificat ion A 10x magnification hand lens will be more than adequate for most purposes.

Higher magnification lenses tend to be harder to use but are very useful for viewing extremely small objects. If you are unsure of which magnification you need, or think you may need several different lenses, you should have a look at the or even the.

Lens diameter Large diameter lenses provide a wider field of view which means that they are easier to use but they are slightly more expensive to produce. How hand lenses are named Hand lenses are named like binoculars, with both the lens diameter and the magnification included in the name. The has a 23mm diameter lens and provides 10x magnification. Using your hand lens Finally, a quick note on hand lens technique.

To use your hand lens correctly (this is particularly important when using high magnification lenses) hold the lens close to your eye and then either a) move the subject closer to your eye until it comes in to focus or b) move your head (and the hand lens) closer to the subject until it comes into focus. It’s easy with a little practice so don’t get put off if you find a new hand lens difficult at first.

Expect to get close up to what you’re examining – it’s quite common to see naturalists crawling around on the ground to get close to a plant they’re identifying. Keeping your hand lens safe It can be very hard to find a much-loved hand lens dropped in long grass or woodland. To prevent this traumatic experience, we recommend a – this has two functions: a) if you have it round your neck you won’t drop it, and b) if you put it down somewhere the bright blue lanyard is easy to spot.

The table below provides a guide to the hand lenses sold by NHBS. More information and specifications of each can be found on the. table id=2 / Author Posted on Categories, Tags,. The Amethyst Deceiver ( Laccaria amethystina) occurs in both deciduous and coniferous woodlands and is commonly associated with beech. Image by, via Creative Commons. What are fungi and why do they matter? It has been estimated that the kingdom of Fungi consists of more than five million species ranging from single-celled microorganisms up to the on the planet.

Fungi are a crucial part of the food web in many habitats and play a vital role in many commercial activities, including the production of pharmaceuticals and food products. Most fungi grow as microscopic filaments called hyphae which extend to form a large network or mycelium. The part we observe above ground, the mushroom or toadstool, is the fruiting body whose purpose it is to spread spores. These fruiting bodies are only produced when conditions are favourable which means that, at most times, we are largely unaware of the mass of fungal life that is living beneath our feet and in our surroundings.

Where and when to look for fungi The best time to look for fungi in the UK is during late summer, autumn and early winter, when the relatively mild yet damp weather provides ideal conditions for the production of fruiting bodies. Both deciduous and coniferous forests can host an impressive range and number of fungal types. Meadows, parks and moorland are also great places to look.

What you need to find and identify fungi Conducting a fungal foray is a wonderful pastime, not least because there is very little equipment you really need. A stout pair of shoes and sharp pair of eyes will go a long way – but if you would like to maximise the chance of identifying your finds, then a few additional things may come in handy.

Basket or box – Traditional fungi collecting baskets are flat bottomed and woven from willow. However, any sturdy box, tub or crate will do so long as it is relatively easy to carry and will prevent your collection from being squashed. Paper bags – Useful for storing individual specimens. Don’t use plastic bags if you can help it as they are not breathable and your fungi will become sweaty and slimy. Penknife – For lifting specimens from the ground whilst keeping the stem and root intact. Hand lens – A lens with 10x magnification is useful for looking at the finer details of your fungi. Try the which has a robust stainless steel case and a loop for attaching a lanyard.

Pencil and paper – For making notes of what you find and where it was spotted. Field guide – A field guide will help you to identify the fungi that you find. Useful both in the field and for when you get back to your home or classroom. For a small fold-out guide try the. Or for a more comprehensive book take a look at the beautifully illustrated by Stefan Buczacki or the wonderful photographic guide, by Roger Phillips. Microscope – When used with the, the can be used for looking at specimens at a greater magnification while you are out and about. When back at home you can also make slides of spores and look at them through a higher powered microscope (x400 – x1000 magnification) – the shape will be a useful aid to identification.

Camera – For specimens that you want to leave in situ, taking some photographs will be a useful way to aid your identification efforts. A photo of a mushroom you have collected can also help remind you of the habitat and conditions where it was picked. What are the key identifying features of fungi? When collecting or spotting fungi it is useful to make as many notes as you can, as this will improve your chances of identifying your specimen.

Try to get information about as many of the following as possible. (Diagrams to help you with terminology and typical types of mushroom morphology can be found in most field guides).

Date and location. Habitat – On the ground, on dead/living wood, in leaf litter. Situation – Was the specimen solitary or growing in a group. If found in a group, were individuals spread out, in a circle, crowded together?. Cap – Colour, texture, size and smell. Gills – Colour, size, type ( i.e. Crowded, spaced).

Stem – Length, diameter, texture, colour. Does it have a ring or a shaggy appearance?. Root – Shape, presence of volva. Spores – The colour and shape of the spore is a key identification characteristic. Spore colour can be easily studied by making a spore print as described below.

How to make a spore print Spore colour varies significantly between different species of mushroom, and this colour is another identifying feature which will help you to determine which fungi you are looking. Making a spore print of a fungi that has gills or pores is a very simple process and can be easily accomplished with very basic equipment. First you will need to remove the stem as close to the cap as possible using a sharp knife. Place the cap, gill/pore side down onto a piece of paper and leave it to sit undisturbed overnight covered with an upturned glass or bowl.

When you remove the cap from the paper you should see a pattern of spores where they have dropped onto the paper. Try using different coloured paper or using a piece which is half black and half white to see which shows the spores best.

To preserve your print you can coat it with artists spray or even hairspray. Where to go to learn more Many local wildlife groups or country parks run public fungi walks during the autumn. Why not check out local events in your area to see if there is anything happening?

The also has a network of around the country which consist of volunteers that are working hard to share their knowledge and improve awareness of mycology and conservation. Please take care if you are picking fungi to eat.

Many edible species are easily mistaken for inedible or poisonous ones. Consult an expert if you are in any doubt. Author Posted on Categories Tags, Posts navigation.

. Shirzadi, Keyvan; Shahraki, Kourosh; Yahaghi, Emad; Makateb, Ali; Khosravifard, Keivan 2016-01-01 Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the comparison of manual refraction versus autorefraction in diabetic retinopathy patients.

Echometer Model D

Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Be’sat Army Hospital from 2013-2015. In the present study differences between two common refractometry methods ( manual refractometry and Auto refractometry) in diagnosis and follow up of retinopathy in patients affected with diabetes is investigated. Results: Our results showed that there is a significant. Parker, R; Adams, J L; Ogola, G; McBrayer, D; Hubbard, J M; McCullough, T L; Hartman, J M; Cleveland, T 2008-06-01 The current activity guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) patients are overly restrictive, hindering recovery. As the sternotomy repair must withstand repeated coughs during convalescence, this provides a benchmark for the force tending to separate the incision that can be tolerated.

Nine volunteers performed 5 weightlifting activities ( lifting 5 lbs 2.3 kg, lifting a 25-lb simulated grandchild 11.4 kg, lifting a 30-lb suitcase 13.6 kg, lifting two 20-lb weights 18.2 kg, and lifting a gallon of milk to a counter 3.7 kg), plus coughing. Valsalva forces were detected using a mouthpiece configured with an Ashcroft Inc. Expiratory pressure gauge (model N10-120CMW). Three measurements were taken for each activity to calculate the mean internal forces while external forces on the sternotomy were calculated using vector algebra. Total force exerted on the sternotomy by the cough was compared to the total force exerted by each of the 5 activities using paired T-tests.

The cough exerted a significantly greater force across the median sternotomy (mean 27.5 kg-mass) than any of the five weightlifting activities ( P force on the median sternotomy incision than a cough. The strength of the repair is significantly greater than is implied by the recommendation to 'not lift more than 5 lbs'.

Hoeksma, H.L.; Dekker, J.; Ronday, H.K.; Breedveld, F.C.; Ende, van den C.H.M. 2005-01-01 OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether manual therapy has particular benefit in subgroups of patients defined on the basis of hip function, range of joint motion, pain and radiological deterioration. METHODS: The study was performed in the out- patient clinic of physical therapy of a large hospital. Data.

Hoeksma, H.L.; Dekker, J.; Ronday, H.K.; Breedveld, F.C.; Ende, C.H.M. Van den 2005-01-01 OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether manual therapy has particular benefit in subgroups of patients defined on the basis of hip function, range of joint motion, pain and radiological deterioration. METHODS: The study was performed in the out- patient clinic of physical therapy of a large hospital. Data.

Hoeksma, H.L.; Dekker, J.; Ronday, H.K.; Breedveld, F.C.; Ende, van den C.H.M. 2005-01-01 OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether manual therapy has particular benefit in subgroups of patients defined on the basis of hip function, range of joint motion, pain and radiological deterioration. METHODS: The study was performed in the out- patient clinic of physical therapy of a large hospital. Data. Hoeksma, H.L.; Dekker, J.; Ronday, H.K.; Breedveld, F.C.; Ende, C.H.M.

Van den 2005-01-01 OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether manual therapy has particular benefit in subgroups of patients defined on the basis of hip function, range of joint motion, pain and radiological deterioration. METHODS: The study was performed in the out- patient clinic of physical therapy of a large hospital. Data.

Sault, Josiah D; Morris, Matthew V; Jayaseelan, Dhinu J; Emerson-Kavchak, Alicia J 2016-02-01 Patients with Morton's neuroma are rarely referred to physical therapy. This case reports the resolution of pain, increase in local pressure pain thresholds, and improvement of scores on the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure following a course of joint based manual therapy for a patient who had failed standard conservative medical treatment. Hong, Eun Ae Dept. Of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, In Ja Dept.

Of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University, Suwon (Korea, Republic of) 2016-12-15 The conditions after exposure to digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis were analyzed. The examinations for the ACR phantom were done using manual exposure, not auto exposure, to examine image discrimination and patient dose. As a result, the following results were derived: In the CC exposure, the kVp was 2kVp higher while mAs decreased to 58.6% for the 3D tomography. Such result showed an approximate decrease of 60mAs. At that time, the patients Average Glandular Dose (AGD) was 1.65mGy in 2D and 1.87mGy in 3D; thus, AGD of 3D was shown to have about 1.13 times higher. The result of the manual exposure revealed a reduced mAs of up to 80%; there was no effect in the assessment standard in terms of image discrimination, resulting in more than 10 points.

When mAs was reduced to 80% in the manual exposure for ACR phantom, AGD was decreased to 0.66mGy. The diagnostic values of images were maintained and patients dose was reduced in the manual exposure in the AEC condition for 3D. Since the use of 3D has recently increased, using the manual exposure has been recommended in this study to improve the diagnostic value, while, simultaneously reducing patients dose.

Pan, Bai-Lin 2017-03-01 An overlong upper lip or philtrum indicates aging. In the current study, a procedure for upper lip lift to alleviate this defect is illustrated and assessed for its esthetic effects and risks. A total of 84 Chinese patients with overlong upper lip underwent surgery for upper lip lift from 2012 to 2014. Skin excision height was designed on the basis of the golden proportion of the lower region of the face. The incision was made at the subnasal (inferior border of the columella-nostril-alar) region.

After undermining the tissue between the subcutis and orbicularis oris, a 'T'-shaped region of the muscle was resected. Both sides of the muscular flaps were developed and suspended upward to the columella base to lift the upper lip.

The incision was then sutured delicately. Of the 76 patients who were effectively followed up, recovery period, lift effect, visibility of the scar, vermilion shape, surgery-associated effects, any complications, and overall rejuvenation, among other outcomes, were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 3-24 months postoperation. Assessment was performed by both objective measurements and subjective satisfaction: significant efficiency was achieved and high satisfaction, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction ratings were reported by 55 (72.4%), 18 (23.7%), and 3 (3.9%) patients, respectively. Upper lip lift yields a significant esthetic effect with few complications. This surgical intervention merits further clinical development and application.

Copyright © 2016 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

All rights reserved. Sedgwick, A W; Gormley, J T 1998-10-01 The paper describes a nine year project on lifting training which included nine trans-Australia consensus conferences attended by more than 900 health professionals. Pontes, Ronaldo; Pontes, Gisela Hobson; Serpa, Narayana Pauline; Lopez, Carlos 2005-01-01 Patients with gland hyperplasia as well as thickening and redundancy of nasal skin who receive treatment that addresses only the support structures generally suffer from lack of definition of the nasal tip. We report on a case in which this problem was treated by redefinition of the nasal dorsum and tip through resection of the redundant skin.

The surgical approach involved open rhinoplasty with a columella-alar incision, wide dissection of the dorsum filling, caudal traction, and resection of excess tissue. This method enabled reshaping of the nasal dorsum and tip by readjustment of the cutaneous covering of the osteocartilaginous structures. Morse, Robert A. 2017-09-01 Various experiments and demonstrations relate air pressure and air pressure difference to force and area.

Carpenter and Minnix describe a large-scale pneumatic lift in which a person sitting on a board atop a plastic garbage bag is lifted when the bag is connected to the exhaustport of a vacuum cleaner, which easily lifts the person. This article describes the construction and use of an inexpensive hand-held pneumatic lift to demonstrate the same principle. Morse, Robert A. Various experiments and demonstrations relate air pressure and air pressure difference to force and area.

Carpenter and Minnix describe a large-scale pneumatic lift in which a person sitting on a board atop a plastic garbage bag is lifted when the bag is connected to the exhaustport of a vacuum cleaner, which easily lifts the person. This article. Tests and Procedures Breast lift By Mayo Clinic Staff A breast lift — also known as mastopexy — is a surgical procedure to change the shape of your breasts. During a breast lift, excess skin is removed and breast tissue is.

HU Jun; WU Jia-rong; HUANG Guo-qi 2004-01-01 目的:研究手法对于颈本体觉紊乱的眩晕患者的头颅空间回复能力的影响.方法:利用头颅三维空间运动测量仪,临床观察72例颈本体觉紊乱的眩晕患者手法治疗前后其头颅空间回复能力的变化.另外选取51例颈椎动脉供血不足的眩晕患者及138例正常人作对照组.结果:手法治疗后本体觉组在三个运动轴线上的头颅空间偏移度均有明显减小.结论手法有即刻改善颈本体觉功能的作用,在临床椎动脉供血不足型眩晕的发病也存在着本体觉紊乱的因素.%Purpose: To study the influence of the manual manipulations on the reversal ability of the skull space in the patients with vertigo due to proprioceptive disturbance of the neck. Methods: By motor surveyor of skull three-dimensional space, the changes in the reversal ability of the skull space before and after the treatments with manual manipulations were observed in 72 cases of the patients with vertigo due to proprioceptive disturbance of the neck. Besides, 51 cases of vertigo due to insufficient blood supply of the cervical artery and 138 normal adults were selected as the control group. Results:After the treatments with manual manipulations, the deviation degree of the skull space in the three motor axes were all obviously decreased in the proprioceptive group, more obviously in the flexing and extending direction. The deviation degree of the skull space was also decreased in the ischemic group in the flexing and extending direction.

Conclusion: Manual manipulations have the instant function to improve the proprioceptive function of the neck, and the factor of the proprioceptive disturbance also exists in the clinical onset of vertigo in pattern of insufficient blood supply of the cervical artery. Prakash 2014-08-01 Full Text Available PURPOSE: To study and compare the efficacy of peri bulbar anaesthesia with para bulbar anaesthesia in patients undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS. METHODS: Two hundred patients were randomized to peri bulbar and para bulbar groups. All surgeries were performed by same surgeons. Pain during administration of anaesthesia, 1 hour after surgery and 6 hours after surgery was graded on a visual analogue pain scale and compared for both the techniques. The ocular akinesia after anaesthesia was compared for both the techniques. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in pain between both the groups during anaesthesia, 1hour after anaesthesia and 6 hours after anaesthesia.

There was no significant difference in the ocular akinesia between both the groups. CONCLUSION: Subtenon's technique for administration of anaesthesia during MSICS is as safe and effective as the peri bulbar technique giving equally good analgesia during and after the surgery.

Tomita, Ryouichi; Fujisak, Shigeru; Park, Yeong Ji 2009-01-01 Partial gastrectomy (PG) is the most frequently adopted minimally invasive procedure for early gastric cancer (EGC), especially mucosal cancer (MC). The aim of this study was to introduce a minimally invasive procedure, i.e., minilaparotomy with abdominal wall lifting for PG in patients with early mucosal gastric cancer at the lesser curvature of the middle stomach. Well differentiated adenocarcionoma in MC at the lesser curvature of the middle stomach was selected, where no lymph node metastasis (NO) was confirmed using ultrasonic endoscopy, CT, and MRI during the preoperative examinations. PG was also chosen for patients with a tumor size of 2cm or less and non-depressive type in whom endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal resection (ESD) was not possible. Five MC patients (3 men and 2 women, aged 44-62 years, mean age 53.3 years) underwent mini-laparotomy with abdominal wall lifting for PG. Our procedure involved a 6 cm upper abdominal median incision made at the beginning of the operation.

The upper abdominal wall was lifted by a subcutaneous Kirshner wire. The small wound was also pulled upward and/or laterally by Kent retractors and conventional surgical instruments were used through the wound. The middle stomach could be detected through the small wound and partially resected, approximately 1 cm from the tumor edge under the guide of the endoscope. The resected stomach margin was stitched layer-to-layer.

In this way, PG was easily completed. The total surgical time was 71.8 +/- 12.9 min and the mean estimated blood loss was 30.8 +/- 20.5 ml. Day of starting diet was 3 +/- 0.7 days after operation. Post-operative hospitalization was 8.2 +/- 1.3 days. There was no surgical mortality. All subjects were satisfied with this procedure. Mini-laparotomy with abdominal wall lifting is a safe and efficient technique in the treatment of PG for MC with NO at the lesser curvature of the middle stomach when EMR or ESD is impossible.

Meyer Ulrich 2007-01-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background Functional rehabilitation of patients afflicted with severe mandibular and maxillary alveolar atrophy might be challenging especially in malformed patients. Methods Treatment planning using sinus lifting and implant placement before Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in a patient with severe mandibular and posterior maxillary alveolar atrophy and skelettal class-III conditions due to cleft palate are described. Results A full functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the patient was achieved by a stepwise surgical approach performed through sinus lifting as the primary approach followed by implant placement and subsequent Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy to correct the maxillo-mandibular relation.

Conclusion Stabilisation of the maxillary complex by a sinus lifting procedure in combination with computer aided implant placement as preorthodontic planning procedure before Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy seems to be suitable in order to allow ideal oral rehabilitation especially in malformed patients. Abadi, Ali Salehi Sahl; Mazlomi, Adel; Saraji, Gebraeil Nasl; Zeraati, Hojjat; Hadian, Mohammad Reza; Jafari, Amir Homayoun 2015-10-01 In spite of the widespread use of automation in industry, manual material handling (MMH) is still performed in many occupational settings. The emphasis on ergonomics in MMH tasks is due to the potential risks of workplace accidents and injuries. This study aimed to assess the effect of box size, frequency of lift, and height of lift on maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) on the heart rates of male university students in Iran.

This experimental study was conducted in 2015 with 15 male students recruited from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Each participant performed 18 different lifting tasks that involved three lifting frequencies (1 lift/min, 4.3 lifts/min and 6.67 lifts/min), three lifting heights (floor to knuckle, knuckle to shoulder, and shoulder to arm reach), and two box sizes. Each set of experiments was conducted during the 20 min work period using the free-style lifting technique. The working heart rates (WHR) were recorded for the entire duration. In this study, we used SPSS version 18 software and descriptive statistical methods, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the t-test for data analysis.

The results of the ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of MAWL in terms of frequencies of lifts (p = 0.02). Tukey's post hoc test indicated that there was a significant difference between the frequencies of 1 lift/minute and 6.67 lifts/minute (p = 0. There was a significant difference between the mean heart rates in terms of frequencies of lifts (p = 0.006), and Tukey's post hoc test indicated a significant difference between the frequencies of 1 lift/minute and 6.67 lifts/minute (p = 0.004). But, there was no significant difference between the mean of MAWL and the mean heart rate in terms of lifting heights (p 0.05). The results of the t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of MAWL and the mean heart rate in terms of the sizes of the two boxes (p = 0.000).

Based on the results of. Arveson, William; Courtney, Dennis 2007-01-01 Normal endomorphisms of von Neumann algebras need not be extendable to automorphisms of a larger von Neumann algebra, but they always have asymptotic lifts. We describe the structure of endomorphisms and their asymptotic lifts in some detail, and apply those results to complete the identification of asymptotic lifts of unital completely positive linear maps on von Neumann algebras in terms of their minimal dilations to endomorphisms. Theresa eZackrisson 2013-07-01 Full Text Available AbstractObjective methods for quantifying patients' movement capacity would be valuable for evaluating progression and interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. The Posturo-Locomotor- Manual (PLM test is a standardized automated movement test developed for the evaluation of hypokinetic symptoms of Parkinsonism. We tested the hypotheses that the PLM movement time correlates with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating scale motor section (UPDRS III and that the components of the PLM test correlate to constructed corresponding domains of UPDRS III. The coherence between the results of the two assessment methods after a test dose of levodopa (L-DOPA was also evaluated.

Motor function was assessed off medication and after administration of 200 mg L-DOPA in 73 patients with Parkinsonism (47 Parkinson’s disease (PD, 17 Multiple System Atrophy (MSA and 9 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP using the PLM method and UPDRS III in parallel. We found a fair correlation between the two assessment tools in PD patients but not in the MSA or PSP patients. In the full dataset a fair to good correlation was seen between UPDRS III and PLM movement time. At group level, the PLM L-DOPA test differentiated between PD, MSA and PSP and the UPDRS III L-DOPA test differentiated PD from MSA/PSP. Measurements from the rater independent PLM method showed fair correlations with scorings from the UPDRS III and on group level the PLM method could differentiate between different forms of Parkinsonism in moderate to advanced stages.

DelRosso 2014-01-01 Full Text Available This is a retrospective review of PSG data from 8 narcolepsy patients and 8 idiopathic hypersomnia (IH patients, evaluating electrophysiologic differences between these two central hypersomnias. Spindles were identified according to the AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events; and counted per epoch in the first 50 epochs of N2 sleep and the last 50 epochs of N2 sleep in each patient’s PSG.

Spindle count data (mean ± standard deviation per 30 second-epoch (spindle index in the 8 narcolepsy patients was as follows: 0.37 ± 0.73 for the first 50 epochs of N2; 0.65 ± 1.09 for the last 50 epochs of N2; and 0.51 ± 0.93 for all 100 epochs of N2. Spindle index data in the 8 IH patients was as follows: 2.31 ± 2.23 for the first 50 epochs of N2; 2.84 ± 2.43 for the last 50 epochs of N2; and 2.57 ± 2.35 for all 100 epochs of N2. Intergroup differences in spindle count in the first 50 N2 epochs, the last 50 N2 epochs, and all 100 epochs of scored N2 were significant (P. Gourgoulis, Vassilios; Aggeloussis, Nikolaos; Garas, Athanasios; Mavromatis, Georgios 2009-03-01 The purpose of the present study was to determine the kinematic characteristics of snatch movements that result in an unsuccessful performance, involving the barbell's drop in front of the weightlifter. The sample comprised 7 high-level men weightlifters competing at the international level.

Their successful and unsuccessful snatch lifts with the same load were recorded with 2 S-VHS camcorders (60 Hz), and selected points onto the body and the barbell were digitized manually using the Ariel Performance Analysis System. The statistical treatment of the data showed no significant differences (p 0.05) between successful and unsuccessful lifts in the angular displacement and velocity data of the lower-limb joints, the trajectory and vertical linear velocity of the barbell, or the generated work and power output during the first and second pulls of the lift. Consequently, the general movement pattern of the limbs and the barbell was not modified in unsuccessful lifts in relation to the successful ones. However, significant differences (p snatch lifts. Thus, coaches should pay particular attention to the applied force onto the barbell from the first pull. la Cour-Harbo, Anders; Jensen, Arne 2012-01-01 The objective of this article is to give a concise introduction to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on a technique called lifting. The lifting technique allows one to give an elementary, but rigorous, definition of the DWT, with modest requirements on the reader.

A basic knowledge of li. Of linear algebra and signal processing will suffice. The lifting based definition is equivalent to the usual filer bank based definition of the DWT. The article does not discuss applications in any detail.

The reader is referred to other articles in this collection.The objective of this article is to give a concise introduction to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on a technique called lifting. The lifting technique allows one to give an elementary, but rigorous, definition of the DWT, with modest requirements on the reader. A basic knowledge.